The Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies (CES) was founded in 1969 at Harvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences to promote the interdisciplinary understanding of European history, politics, economy and societies. Its mission is to foster the study of innovative research in Europe among Harvard faculty as well as graduate and undergraduate students. CES also facilitates the training of new generations of scholars and experts in European studies and serves as a forum for vibrant discussions on European history and contemporary affairs which nurture the exchange of ideas across disciplines, sectors, generations, and across the Atlantic.